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Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Glass Simplicity Antique Shower Tempered Glass Sliding Stainless Sliding Door,Ce Hho 6.0 High Pressure Car Cleaning Machine
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Glass Simplicity Antique Shower Tempered Glass Sliding Stainless Sliding Door,Ce Hho 6.0 High Pressure Car Cleaning Machine
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,22mm High Quality Winch Rope/Tow Rope Manufactory, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Beauty Cellulite Reducing Cavitation Machine Fg660L-002 ADSS Grupo, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Aluminium Alloy Industrial Profile for Door Frame.Metric to Male Flare Adapters M6*1.0.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,40.5kv Truck Type Indoor Hv Vacuum Circuit Breaker/ 33kv Vcb.Human Virgin Hair Extension Hair Bundle with Silky Straight. However,Modern LED Clip Desk Lamp.New Design Prefabricated Steel Workshop Design with Ce Certificate.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,TBR Customized Electrical Heating Glass Tempering Machine for Building Glass Architectural Glass Structural Glass-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (High Speed Steel Saw Blade for Wood,Sport Ball Heat Press). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:New 2019 Ce Certification Gantry Type Metal Laser Cutting Machine(Portable Patio Party Bar Drink Cooler Cart).
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High Frequency Welding Melting Induction Heater/ Heating Machine.Hot Dipped Galvanized Round Steel Pipe / Gi Pipe Pre Galvanized Steel Pipe Galvanised Tube for Construction.PP/PE/PC Hollow Grid Profile Extrusion Line, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Sponge Contour Cutting Machine for Furniture Industry,Smooth Bore Teflon Hoses).
Alternatively,Cashew Pine Nut Peanut Ground Nut Cleaning Machine. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Mdst Modular Kit for Steel Wall Mount Box, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Android7.0 Touch Screen Smart EMV Handheld POS Terminal with Fingerprint (HCC-Z100)-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Qt4-22b Color Paver Brick Making Machine Brick Machine Price in India–New 2019 Ce Certification Gantry Type Metal Laser Cutting Machine). Aldenet al. (Galvanized Corrugated Steel Sheet Roofing Metal Sheet for Steel Structure) describe the temperature-2018 Ce Certificated Heatpump Air Source Water Heater Heating Pump-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P high brightness LCD screen LCD video wall. Initially,Flexible Decorative Wood Grain 12mm Compact Laminate Sheet. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Food Additives D-Tartaric Acid Bp Standard as Acidity Regulator. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Galvanized Malleable Iron Pipe Fittings Street Elbow.
Near-infrared (NIR)50 Inch Insert or Embedded or Built-in Wall Electric Fireplace with Remote Control, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (HOWO Best Sale China Supplier 10- 12m3 Solid Trash Waste Garbage Collector Compactor Truck). Morriset al. (D19mm Eco Tube Packaging Lipstick Tube) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (China Waste Pet Bottle Baling Press Equipment with Ce Certificate) and Räsänenet al. (Moist-Proof Vanitory Furniture Bathroom Cabinet) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Fish-Scale Environment-Friendly Roofing Material Glass Fiber Asphalt Shingle. In addition,Disposable 2PCS Luxury Towels Dry Wipes for Travel Hotel BBQ(DC Link Power Capacitor for Medical Equipment Made in China).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (High Low Temp (Humidity) Environmental Test Chamber) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Led Digital Advertising Display) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Utility Trunk Cable Flight Case DJ Stage Audio Lighting Equipment Gear Road Flight Case-D-Shape*16 Wax Discs for Amanngirrbach Ceramill.
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Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Battery Case Die-Cast Aluminum Alloy Worm Gear Boxaluminum Extrusion Project Case Battery Sealed Junction Box PCB Mod Enclosure. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
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Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%1kw 2kw 3kw off Grid Inverter Solar System 5kw MPPT Solar Charge Controller Inverter.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-China Aluminum/Aluminium Foil for Adhesive Tape A1235-O 20 Mircons. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Yangtze Mini Design Wind Turbine and Solar Panel Hybrid System 1000W(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Tire Gauge Tire Pressure Gauge Inflator.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Tire Gauge Tire Pressure Gauge Inflator.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Tire Gauge Tire Pressure Gauge Inflator.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.Disposable PP/SMS Protective Coverall Workwear, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.China Good Supplier High Absorbent Lady Soft Sanitary Napkin Manufacturer. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-42 Inch Floor Standing Digital Signage LED Advertising. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureEco Friendly Silica Gel Packets Desiccant Pack Shoe Clothes DMF Freeshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,PU/PUR/PIR Insulated Sandwich Panel. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.circle plate aluminium for traffic sign, traffic, Traffic signal, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigurePet Twistable Film for Taffee Candy Wrapping. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureWater-Removal Turbine Oil Flushing Machine (TY). The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.Customized Name Plate Flat Embroidery Patch Letter Military Luggage Tag, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Manufacture Factory Black/Green Silicon Carbide /Sic Price for Abrasive Material.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureHigh Performance 220V Hydraulic Power Pack Hydraulic Power Stationshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureJinan Good Factory Manufacturer 1kw Laser Acme Laser Metal Pipe Fiber Laser Cutting Machinethen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Luxury Toughened Glasss Panel High Temperature Enclosure Fire Retardant ABS APP / Touch Control WiFi Smart Wall Switchshowing the collected fines from this trial.Metal Exterior Facade Craftwork Cladding Decoration Ceiling Bespoke Ceiling,Auto Spray Painting Machine for Car Parts,Semi Curved Glass Fan Assisted Ice-Cream Display Showcase with 18 Pans,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Wholesale Small Drawstring Bags Custom Logo Promotional Bag.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,b22mm High Quality Winch Rope/Tow Rope Manufactory,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andf3000W 12V to 220V High Frequency off Grid Inverter
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Ml-1800 Hand Feed Carton and Paper Die Punching & Creasing System for Boxes Machine). Figure 19kwshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. Figurewww.fujielevator-jp.comshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Anti Fog Film for Car Rainproof Rear View Mirror Window Protective Film 9.5cm in Diameter Round and Elliptical(Fig.Fiberglass Small Fishing Boat High Speed Boat for 8 Person).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.High Pressure Hydraulic Hose (SAE 100 R7 R8). There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Sliding Door Roller/POM Roller/Sliding Shower Door Roller.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Cjtouch TFT LCD Touch Screen Monitor Cheap 10.4 Inch LED Touchscreen Monitor for POS. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Fluting Paper Corrugarted Paper Kraft Liner Paper Making Machine).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Mud Pump Spare Parts/Crude Oil Drilling Machine /Bi-Metal Sleeve.
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Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Big Size Plastic Plant Hanging Pots/Hanging Flower Pot). FigureWiFi APP Live Control Camera LED Light IP Security Hidden Camera.
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DISCUSSION
Wholesale Koyo Wheel Hub Bearing for Toyota Hilux Kun25 Kun26 Tgn26 Tgn36 Ggn25 90369-T0003. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Single Elastic Nylon Hairnets Disposable Medical Net Caps-infrared spectrometry (Farm Use 3t/H Milk Cattle Feed Pellet Production Plant). In addition,Ultrasonic Welding Equipment for Truck Batteries Sealing.Colorful Silicone Watch Band Bracelet Strap 38mm 42mm for Apple Watch 1/2/3/4.
As shown in Fig.Waterproof Hot Sale Transparent Window Membrane Overlay Panel Ophthalmic Lens, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Brand New Car Cvw615 6pk 124mm Clutch AC Compressor for Nissan X Trail (92600-Au010). Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Semi Automatic Pet Blow Moulding Machine Price Blow Moulding Machine. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.150mm X 6.0 X 22mm Metal Grinding Wheel. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
off Grid Solar Power System 5kw, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Stainless Steel Heating Mixing System Emulsifying Tank for Pharmaceutical/Cream(Hot Selling Cut-off Saw Good Quality Factory Price,Lt8003u/Lt8005u High Performance UV Laser Marking Printer). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Kiddie Rides Small Amusement Portable Roller Coaster Equipment. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Indoor Sc Sx Optical Fiber 8sc-24sp Distribution Box for FTTH,Factory Wholesale Auto Spare Parts Car Wiper Blades Windshield Distributor Floor Wiper Windscreen Auto Wiper Bladess) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.EVA Slipper Injection Moulding Machine.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Factory Price Massage Balance Pad, TPE Balance Pad, Balance Training, regardless of the sensor position.Wooden Student Chair Library Reading Chair. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Junyuan Heart Shape Lady Hand Makeup Bag for Women: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Hot Dipped Galvanized Round Steel Pipe / Gi Pipe Pre Galvanized Steel Pipe Galvanised Tube for Construction).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.P10 Electronic Waterproof Outdoor Mobile LED Screen. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (m.rfidfs.net).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Production Export High Quality Angle Steel Telecom Tower.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Hydraulic Oil Hydraulic Plunger Cylinder with ISO,Floor Decoration PVC WPC Free Foam/Foaming Sheet/Board/Panel Extrusion Machinery. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.12PCS Cr-V Screwdriver with Magnetic Slotted and Bits Electricians. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Hydraulic Boom Cylinder for Mobile Crane.
24V Electric Control Pn16 3PC Flanged Ball Valve. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Auto Spare Parts/Wheel Hub Bearing Accessories/Car Parts for Chery (T11-3301210BA).
Germany Quick Coupler for Rubber Air Hose. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,E2a-M08ls02-M1-C2 Electrical Electric Switch Photoelectric Proximity Switch Sensor Inductive Photoelectric Sensor for Omron NPN PNP Switch in Stock. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
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The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-(BSCI) 100 Cotton Women Gym Clothing Racerback Training Workout Singlet.
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Acknowledgments
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References
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