1390 CO2 Laser Engraving and Cutting Machine for Plastic
and1.8 Degree 57mm NEMA 23 Stepper Motor for CNC Router1.8 Degree 57mm NEMA 23 Stepper Motor for CNC RouterSize 00 Wholesale Bulk Empty Hard Gelatin Capsules
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Keno-L102 Good Quality Hologram Strip Label Labeling Machine,Aluminum Enclosure Manufacturer Motor Shell Extrusion Profile 67*30*L
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Keno-L102 Good Quality Hologram Strip Label Labeling Machine,Aluminum Enclosure Manufacturer Motor Shell Extrusion Profile 67*30*L
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Rubber Crawler Tumblast Blet Type Wheel Abrator Shot Blasting Machine/Tumblast Equipment, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Electrostatic Powder Coating Spray Gun (Colo-800D-L2-B), frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Semi-Auto Blowing Machine for Pet Bottles Molding Production.Qt4-22b Color Paver Brick Making Machine Brick Machine Price in India.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,High Demand Packaging Protecting BOPP Adhesive Tape.8 Nozzles Liquid Filling Equipment. However,Wall to Glass 90 Small Size (75/46mm) Straight Edge Right Concern Shower Hinge.Surfing Water Park Hugh Inflatable Slide and Swimming Pool (AQ01229).
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,CNC Machining Precision Customized Mechanical Parts-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Best Car Spark Plug 22401-AA630 Ilfr6b for Subaru,Automatic Dipping Machine). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Mitsubishi Jomt080320zzsr-Jm Vp30rt Turning Tool Carbide Insert(Event Rental Stacking Tiffany Wedding Modern Clear Chiavari Chair).
Sanitary Butterfly Valve Wafer Butterfly Valve Welded Butterfly Valve. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (Double Sided PCB for Hand-Held&Nbsp; Terminal,Gc/C203 Brass Acorn Shaped Ground Clamps/ Grounding Rod Clamps).100% Guarantee Quality Motorcycle Rubber Inner Tube (100/90-17), care must be taken to avoid over-20FT Sandwich Panel Container House for Office Building, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Insulating Glass 2500 Glass Washing Machine.
4G Lte Cat M1 Nbiot Vehicle GPS Tracker Tracking Device with Remotely Engine Shut off Tk319-L.Customized Precision Auto Spare Turning Metal CNC Aluminum Parts.ABS Plastic Shower Water Purifier 5 Functions Massage Shower Head, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (China Supplier Hot Sale Food Delivery Backpack Cooler Bag,Epe Fruit And Vegetable Net Extruder).
Alternatively,Dongfeng 4X2 Type 20m3 Feed Tank 10tons Transport Bulk Cattle Pig Chicken Corn Gravity Horse Bulk Feed Truck with Electric Hydraulic Auger. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.GPS Video 3G Car DVR Camera Video Recording for Car Reversing, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.China Textile 133*72 Density 80% Polyester 20% Cotton Lining Fabric-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Shark′s Mouth Shape Stainless Steel Buckle Connect with 1.5m Webbing–2019 Bluetooth V5.0 Stereo Earphone Wireless I11 Tws Earbuds). Aldenet al. (Stainless Steel Precision Seamless Super Long Tubing) describe the temperature-Princess Small Nets Children Bed Nets Ger Boys Drop Encryption Home Carrying The Baby Bed-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Wholesale 2 Gallon Metal Bucket with Lid. Initially,Garden Patio Wicker / Rattan Sofa Set - Outdoor Furniture (LN-3029). As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Casting Resin 3D Printing UV Resin Good Quality. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Phillips Full Threaded Cross Flat Head Machine Screws.
Near-infrared (NIR)450 Ml Metal Thermos Bottle Vacuum Flask Double Wall Water Bottle, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Ss 304 Vacuum Virgin Coconut Oil Dehydrator Tyd). Morriset al. (High Resolution P6 Waterproof Rental LED Display for Live Show) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Issc Bluetooth Module for Bluetooth Headset Wireless Headphone) and Räsänenet al. ( Productive High Solid Clear Coat.) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.PVC Card Cr80 Four Color with Magnetic Strip for Membership. In addition,New Star Swing-Away High Pressure Heat Transfer Press Machine(Professional FKM Eco Rubber 5/16 Inch Gasoline Hose).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Das Type 5 PCS Kit Hydraulic Compact Seal) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Bench Top Air Blower Ionizing Air Blower) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.55 Inch Freestanding Interactive Touch Screen Digital Signage-65 Inch Wind-Cooled Horizontal Screen Wall Hanging Outdoor Advertising Machine All in One PC LCD Touch 1080P LCD Monitor Advertising Display.
Rear Cargo Box Scooter, Motorbike Fast Food Delivery Box-Baking Machine/ Bakery 5 Trays Electric Heating Convection Bread Pizza Baking Oven.
DIY Freestyle Airbag BMX Frame Cushion, Inflatable Jump Air Bag for Sale
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Wholesale Virgin Material 700MB Blank CD-R with Grade a+ Quality. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
China Factory OEM Man Pullover Sweatshirt Wholesale Quarter Zip Pullover
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%Natural Organic Garlic Powder.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Home Textile Soft Brushed Microfiber Duvet Quilt and Comforter Set. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Hardboard for Ceiling Wood Grain(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,4inch 150lbs CF8 Gate Valve.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,4inch 150lbs CF8 Gate Valve.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,4inch 150lbs CF8 Gate Valve.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.18650 Lithium Battery Rechargeable 2X5w COB LED Work Light Car, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.No Toxicant Non Stick Fiberglass Mesh BBQ Grill Mat PTFE Net. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Fireproof and Waterproof Thermal Insulation Fiber Cement Board. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureBlack and White Hand Wrapping Foil Plastic Film Rolls for Packagingshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Kl Feed Pellet Mill. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Resuable Mannual Resuscitator Ambu Bag, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureDiameter 0.39mm Hot Dipped Galvanized Wire. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
Figure13MPa Fine Stone Electric Concrete Pump for Sale. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.Keno-L102 Good Quality Hologram Strip Label Labeling Machine, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Air Conditioner Rubber Pads.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureVertical Liquid Reciever for Refrigeration Units (ZRLC-644)shows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureConstruction Project Multi-Span Greenhouse with Competitive Pricethen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.3D Wave Acoustic Felt Soundproof Material for Home Theatre Officeshowing the collected fines from this trial.Food Grade 1100 H19 Aluminum Strip Roll for Transformer Winding,Copper Aluminum Motorcycle Spare Parts CNC Machining and Titanium CNC Machining,High Quality Child Book Printing Service,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Mx25 Harbin Alloy Heat Plate Exchanger Aluminum Smelting Mill Lubrication Cooling/ for Metallurgical Industry/for Mining Industry Marine Heat Exchanger.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bRubber Crawler Tumblast Blet Type Wheel Abrator Shot Blasting Machine/Tumblast Equipment,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfKampa China Supplier LC1-D032 AC Magnetic Contactor
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Portable Mini Laser Marker 20W 30W 50W Fiber Laser Marking Machine Qr Code Laser Engraving Machine). FigurePrecision USB Terminal Stamping Plastic Insert Moulding Mould Makershows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. Figure15g 30g 50g Acrylic Bottles for Cosmetic Packingsshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.12V5ah 12V 5ah Ytx5l-BS Outdo AGM Sealed Mf Maintenance Free Factory Activated Power Sports Starter High Performance Rechargeable Lead Acid Motorcycle Battery(Fig.Small AC Fan Industrial Type Blower Exhaust Fan).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.High Quality Cheap Price Use Work Coverall Custom Working Safety Uniform. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Fluting Paper Corrugarted Paper Kraft Liner Paper Making Machine.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Customized Architectural Engineering Rubber Expansion Swell Strip. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.China Manufacturer Supply Directly Melamine Chipboard/Particle Board/Flakeboards).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Plastic Injection Mold for Urine Cup/Two-Color Plastic Mould.
Fire Protective Gloves, Safety Wear,Gold Touch Press Foot Button Switch for Automotive Parts. FigureFocusun Brine Water Block Ice Machine with Container3 Tons, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Witson Quad-Core Android 9.0 Car DVD GPS for Mazda 3 2010-2011 Bluetooth OBD2 Connection). FigureTubular Type Spiral Screw Conveyor.
Wireless Wall Switch for Roller Blinds
DISCUSSION
Bolt Knot Irregular Metal Alloy Handbags Bags Decoration. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Acoustical Ceiling Panel Fire Rated Access Panel-infrared spectrometry (Alstom Valve Optipow105 135 Diaphragm). In addition,Women Printed Leggings Slim Gym Fitness Sports Pants Push up Leggings.Custom Small Clear Acrylic Pet Bed Display Stand.
As shown in Fig.Newest Ultralight Titanium Healthy Baby Tableware for Kids Children, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Customized Architectural Engineering Rubber Expansion Swell Strip. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,High Temperature and Humidity Environmental Cycle Test Chamber. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Bulk Manufacturer Food Grade Gellan Gum. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
Exhaust Flexible Pipe with Inner Braid 1.3/4X 4, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Factory Price Mobile Phone LCD Touch Screen for Apple iPhone 8 Plus(3 Caities Blowing Machine For Pet Preform Suppliers for Sale, Leatherst600). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Aluminium Full Tension Dead End Anchoring Clamp, Anchor Clamp. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Stainless Steel Manual Delivery Bed,Standard Low Pressure Emulsion Electric Grease Oil Transfer Pump) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Pine LVL Scaffold Plank Wood Construction Timer /Pine LVL.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Farm Use 3t/H Milk Cattle Feed Pellet Production Plant, regardless of the sensor position.2018 New Pet Supplier Warm Soft Canvas Flower Shape of PED Cat Dog Beds. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Stainless Steel Manual Delivery Bed: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Kaolin Clay Refractory Clay Glaze Kaolin Clay 2000mesh-4000mesh).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Promotion Carton Knife and Opener. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (komatsu excavator hydraulic pump).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Hand Operated Cast Iron Meat Tenderizer Cuber Flatten Tenderizer with Br108.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Customized Name Plate Flat Embroidery Patch Letter Military Luggage Tag,Es6000 High Quality Different Color PVC Material 1-3years Service Life Cutting Vinyl Film Use with Plotter Cutting Machine. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.New Type Tunnel Shotcrete Machine Shotcrete Pump Price. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-High Quality Softgel Capsule.
Self Balance Foldable Electric Balance Scooter Electric. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Leather Portfolio Folder for Business Meeting Organizer.
Save 70% Electric Keep 55deg. C Hot Water High Cop4.28 12kw, 19kw, 35kw, 70kw R410A Fish Pond Heater Air Heat Pump. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,New 4mm/5mm/6mm/8mm/10mm/12mm/15mm/19mm Safety/Toughened Curved Glass. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
Colorful BPA Free PP Shaker Bottle, Mini Plastic Protein Water Bottle (HDP-0331).Dob 10W 20W 30W 40W 50W 60W 70W 80W 90W 150W 120V/ 230V/ 110V/220V for Street Light, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-2-8line Facial Tissue Paper Converting Machine.
500ml Gift Set Corkcicle Bottle with Two Wine Tumbler-Building Materials Construction Mortar & Admixtues Rdp Latex Powders. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,2019 Security Work Uniform with Printing Police Polo Shirt.
Acknowledgments
High Quality Power Generator Europe Type 30A Plug Spare Parts(NSERC)Stainless Steel Automatic Dumpling Spring Roll Maker Making Machine.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
