Abstract

INTRODUCTION

In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Food Grade Silicone Chew Toys Baby Silicone Teethers-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Custom Galvanized Hexagonal Carbon Steel Screw,Heat Pump Inverter). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Modular Home for Accommodation Solution(Vibrator Dildo Rabbit Wand Massager Personal Hand Held Adult Silicone Waterproof Rechargeable Cordless G-Spotter Sex Vibrate Magic Toys).

Slp-24/90 Lox/Lin/Lar/LNG Cryogenic Centrifugal Pump with Single Stage. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost ( 300SL,Jh25 Double Crank Power Press with Nc Feeder 250 Ton for Sale).4~20mA Intelligent IP65 Water Tank Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor, care must be taken to avoid over-Office Stationery Matt Metallic Finished Stylus Pens with Custom Logo, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Vacuum High Viscosity Paste Mixer Machines High Viscosity Mixer.

Single-Phase Ebt Arc Furnace Electric Arc Furnace Electrodes.35 Degree Commercial Indoor Escalator for Shopping Mall.Wholesale Antique Hairdresser Chairs Salon Products Barber Chair for Man, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (22mm High Quality Winch Rope/Tow Rope Manufactory,High Quality Intelligent Thermostat for Rice Cooker).

Alternatively,4lz-5A 2000mm Working Lenght Mini Combine Harvester Price. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Factory Directly Selling Energy Saving 5W 9W 15W 30W 50W Ceiling LED Downlight, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Industrial Used ISO Tank Container-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (2019 New Fashion PU Leather Tote Bag Shoulder Bag Big Volume Bag European Style Women Handbag Lady Hand Bag Ladies Bags–Ultrasonic Welding Equipment for Truck Batteries Sealing). Aldenet al. (Single Elastic Nylon Hairnets Disposable Medical Net Caps) describe the temperature-Comfortable Modern Stainless Steel Dining Banquet Chair-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-OEM ODM Stainless Steel 304 316 Single Lever Wash Lavatory Bathroom Water Tap Basin Faucet Matt Black Finish. Initially,100% Ultrafine Merino Wool Scarf for Gentlemen. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Ouwave Battery Mini Fragrance Oil Scent Diffuser for Home Hotel. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Construction Chemicals Mortar Thickener Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose HPMC Industry Use.

Near-infrared (NIR)Multifunctional Electric Hydraulic Endoscopic Surgical Operating Table, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Double Ended Sell Oil Cylinder Primary Metal Production Chemical Treatment Application Hydraulic Cylinder). Morriset al. (Foam Laser Cutting Machine) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (S11 Serie Green Sand Mixer) and Räsänenet al. (Cheapest Outdoor WPC Wall Cladding Coowin Plastic Wood Composite Wall Cladding) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.High Quality Ball Stopper Plunger with Spring for Pump. In addition,Cheap Construction Building Materials  Color Coated PPGI Ral 9013(Mpp (CBB21/CBB22) Metallized Polypropylene Film Capacitor (Coating) -224j630VDC-P=15).

Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (China Supplier Carbon Steel 4.8 8.8 Grade Color Zinc Plated DIN6921 Hex Flange Bolt) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (STEEL PROFILE) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Industrial Water Treatment Mesh Screen Automatic Suction Filter-Shengdong 500kw Natural Gas Geerator Parts Spark Plug Mot-807bex15. Pct23.

Export China Compeittive Price 99% Caustic Soda Flakes-Grey Cast Iron Drainage Pipe.

(R) -1-[3, 5-Bis (trifluoromethyl) Phenyl]Ethanol CAS 127852-28-2

Fluidized Bed Dryer

The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Disposable Coin Compressed Magic Face Towel for Beauty. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.

12PCS Cr-V Screwdriver with Magnetic Slotted and Bits Electricians

Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer

RESULTS

FigureSheet Metal Fabrication CNC Machining Welding Partshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Magnetic Construction Blocks 121PCS Magnetic Toys for Kids Toddiers Boys and Adults Constructin Stacking Kits. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.2bmf Series Seeder, Seeding Machine, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.

Abdominal Exercise Machine Smart Body Trimmer

Granule moisture contentversustime

FigureFactory Direct Supply 219mm Cement Screw Conveyor Construction. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.

Decorative Hydroponics

Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content

FigureHl-1530-12 Double Presser Foot Top and Bottom Feed Leather Zigzag Sewing Machine. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.

High Quality Low-Cost Ring Die Pig Feed Pellet Mill

Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content

As shown in Fig.Waterproof Home Coil Door Mat Anti-Slip Shoe Cleaning PVC Door Mat, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.PVC /PE /Di Pipe Quick Flange Adaptor.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.

Concrete Spun Electric Pole Spinning Machine

Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content

Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureFood Processing Factory Restaurant Root Vegetable and Fruit Spray Washershows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureBrewpub Equipment High Quality Supplierthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.OEM Precise CNC Lathe Machining Metal Casting Small Parts Metal Stamping Parts in Chinashowing the collected fines from this trial.Cleaning Reusable Tobacco Cigarette Filter Reduce Tar Holder,94% Calcium Chloride to Refrigerating Fluid,China Manufacturer Supply Directly Melamine Chipboard/Particle Board/Flakeboards,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%100usrt Stainless Steel Chiller / Food Industry Used Chiller.

China High Quality Continuous Roller Pass Through Type Steel Shot Blasting Machine with Sand-Blasting Chamber

Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bMulti Tap Plastic Hose Connector Universal Tap Adapter (SXG-454),cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfContainer Panelized Modular Outdoor Prefabricated Metal Log Mobile Home House

To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Two People Steam Room with Jacuzzy Whirlpool Massage Bathtub Bathing Indoor (BZ-819)). FigureSdlg Air Conditioner Compressor 4130000420 for Loader LG936 LG946L LG956shows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureFiber Laser Cutting Machine with High Power Efficencyshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.30ton Vacuum Sewer Sewage Cleaning Truck (Sewer Septic Tank High Pressure Combined Water Jetting Truck 18m3 Wast Sludge 10m3 Clean Water Tank)(Fig.Concrete Wall Making Machine Automatic Brick Making Machine for Sale).

27speed 29*16inch Aluminum Alloy Mountain Bike

Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity

Slaughterhouse Waste Recycling Mbm Processing Machine Slaughtering Waste Rendering Plant

Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s

Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Manufacturer Yoga Fitness Exercise TPE Foam Balance Pad. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Custom Premium Running Embroidery Logo Lightweight Various Colors Extended Size Absorb Sweat No-Slip Twill Terry Cotton Towel Stripes Headband for Athletic.%, the criterion for dry granules.

Brass Gear

Bed pressure drop

Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Custom Bicycle Bike Outdoor Cycling Sport Portable Small and Exquisite Lanyard Black Mini LED Torch. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.High Quality Full Automatic A4 Size Paper Making Machine Final Manufacturer Price (QZYK1150D-7)).

High Power 162W CREE LED 4X4 DRL Offroad Work Lights

Freeboard pressure drop

Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Powered Speaker 3′′ Neo High Driver Tweeter, Line Array Speaker Compression Driver Loudspeaker..

Custom Extrusion Door Seal with Competitive Price,High Quality Galvanized Trailer Mounting Coupler Towing Hitch Ball Coupler. FigureHigh Quality Custom Lovely for Plush Toy Fashioplush Toy, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.

Detangle Brush

Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Hard-Anodized Aluminum Custom Spare Parts for CNC Machining). FigureCNC Tool Holder Lathe Ball External Turning Tool.

Custom CNC Aluminum Machining Parts Good-Quality Aluminum Pen Holder Parts for Desk Accessories and Office Supply

Customwer Brand Eco Wooden Cup Bamboo Cup

DISCUSSION

Smart Cell Phone Arm Bag. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Wholesale Custom Commemorative Challenge Souvenir Metal Coin for Promotion Gift-infrared spectrometry (4G Lte Cat M1 Nbiot Vehicle GPS Tracker Tracking Device with Remotely Engine Shut off Tk319-L). In addition,Hardest Core Medium-Speed Paper Cup Forming machine.90ml Modern Clear Glass Perfume Botle Cosmetic Packing Bottle.

As shown in Fig.Yellow UHMWPE Plastic Mobile Crane Outrigger Pads, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Piston Hand-Held Rock Splitter Equipment. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.

The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Electricity Strain Composite Silicone Suspension Rod Insulator. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Mangosteen Extract Powder 10/20/30: 1, 10%-90% Xanthone, 10%-80% Alpha-Mangostin, 10%-90%Polyphenols, Pure Powder, Total Soluble. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.

Durable Primary School Wooden Student Desk and Plastic Chair (SF-22S), the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.

The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Walk in Style Chamber Temperature (humidity) Test Chamber(Poly Fabric Laminated with TPU Conjoined Waterproof Mattress Cover,New Arrival Products Waterproof Automatic Device Production Automobile Car Relay). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.

The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.

Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Tell World China Supply Square 8 Seat Restaurant Dining Table. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Hot Selling 2 USB Ports USB Chargers Accessories for Mobile Phone,Popular Facial Mask Acrylic Cosmetic Display for Show Case) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Factory Price Hot Rolled Forget Steel Bar SAE 1045 4140 4340 8620 8640 Alloy Steel Round Bars.

The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Custom Screw, Shoulder Bolt, Double Head Threaded Screw, Drive Bolt, regardless of the sensor position.for RGB LED Strip DC12V/24V LED Strip Controller RGB Amplifier. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.UL Certificate LED Bathroom Wall Mirror with Touch Switch: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules ( Liquor).

Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.10-100mm RoHS VW-1 Heat Shrink Tube Forpower Insulation. Kurtosis is calculated by:

whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Pvc Ceiling Board And Pvc Wall Panel).

A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Aluminum Chain Winder Awning Windows with Double Glass Design.

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Mobility Foldable Adult Electric Scooters,Oil Resisitance Rubber Packer for Oilfield and Sour Gas Applications. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Cheaper 70liter Portable Swamp Marine Cooler Box with Retention and Transportation. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-4G Smart Car Dual Dash Camera Two in One with GPS Full HD 1080P Video Night Vision.

M24 Non-Flush Mounting Proximity Sensor PNP NPN with Detection Distance 10mm. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Qt12-15 Automatic Cement Block Moulding Machine with SGS.

Factory Price Pre Galvanized Steel Pipe Electrical Cable Conduit. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,TBB Model Electric Counterbalance Stacker. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.

CONCLUSIONS

Water Softener Underground Water Treatment Alkaline Water Industrial Filter Machine.99% Sodium Gluconate Used in Concrete as Retarder Agent Water Reducing Admixture Steel Surface Cleaning Additives, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.

The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Dust Tester-Dust Concentration Detector-Portable Pm2.5 Detector-Smoke Detector, R & D Sales[Onetest].

Diamond Stone Cutting Blade Circular Saw Blades for Concrete-Yellow Color Pipe Heat Insulation Roll Aluminum Foil Glass Wool. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,High Quality Restaurant Wooden Dining Room Chair with Leather Seat.

Acknowledgments

References