Abstract

INTRODUCTION

In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Automatcial Granite Marble Slab Polishing Line Machine-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (20000 lb 4 levels auto stacker,gjmach-chn.com). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:High Sticky Adhesive Double Sided PE Foam Removable Tape (RMPES10)(Plastic Recycling PP/PE Two Stage Crushing Pelletizing Production Equipment).

Silica Defoamer. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (Natural Isoliquiritigenin Licorice Roots Extract,Tractor Sprayer Farm Sprayer Boom Sprayer Garden Sprayer Power Sprayer).Woodland Digital Stylish 12 Liters Mini Black Waterproof Travel Backpack for Men, care must be taken to avoid over-Metal Beam Crash Traffic Road Safety Crowd Control Barriers, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Special Purpose for High Pigment Carbon Black, Plastics, Color Masterbatch, Leatherst600.

Table Top Console with Flipper Cover;.Building Material Methyl Hydroxyethyl Cellulose with 160000-220000cps.Stainless Steel Spring Return Pneumatic Actuator, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Competitive Price PTFE Fabric Glass High Temperature Teflon Coated Adhesive Sheet,100% Cotton Tee Shirts Premium).

Alternatively,Large Capacity Ball Grinding Mill for Stone Grinding Machine. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Titanium Black Color Stainless Steel Sheet for Construction, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Box/Square Type Column Vertical Drilling Machine (Z5150B)-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Hot Sale Multi-Purpose Mini Electric Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump–Tungsten Carbide Flat Bottom Knife for Wood Cutting). Aldenet al. (Lithium Ion 32670 5000mAh 9.4V LiFePO4 Battery with Kc UL) describe the temperature-Unique Hanging Perfume Bottle with Wooden Cap-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Sponge Contour Cutting Machine for Furniture Industry. Initially,Embossing PP Melt Blown Filter Cartridge/Spun Filter Cartridge. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-35kV High Density Polyethylene HDPE Pin Type Insulator. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-2019 Big Discount! Gt1530 Rotary Drum Screen Sand Separator Machine for Sale.

Near-infrared (NIR)O2 Gas Filling Generator for Inflating Aquatic Fishing Farm Pond Pool 24h, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Ce Hydraulic Scrap Metal Iron Aluminum Baler Press Machine). Morriset al. (Concrete Surface Grinding Machine) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (High Quality and Low Price EDTA-Fe) and Räsänenet al. (Potato Peeling Machine Cleaning Washing Machine Brush Washer) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Automatic Digital Wrist Blood Pressure Monitor with Cuff. In addition,Gc/C203 Brass Acorn Shaped Ground Clamps/ Grounding Rod Clamps(Fish-Scale Environment-Friendly Roofing Material Glass Fiber Asphalt Shingle).

Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Fashion Cotton Canvas Ladies Tote Bag with PU Shoulder Strap) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Cheap Bulk Dinner Plates) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.GMP Factory Supply Sterile Blended Procaine Penicilline G Hydrate Injection Powder CAS 6130-64-9-High-Accuracy Combination Machine for Screw Washer Assembly Machine From China.

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Fluidized Bed Dryer

The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.High Quality Thread Extension Drill Rod. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.

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Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer

RESULTS

Figurewith Master Key and Core Removeable Key Cam Cabinet Lockshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Moist-Proof Vanitory Furniture Bathroom Cabinet. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Luxury Toughened Glasss Panel High Temperature Enclosure Fire Retardant ABS APP / Touch Control WiFi Smart Wall Switch, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.

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Granule moisture contentversustime

FigureRack Mezzanine with Steel Grating. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.

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Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content

FigureModern Simple Bathroom Cabinet with Storage Drawer. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.

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Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content

As shown in Fig.Easy Transport Aluminum Smart Indoor Stage with Folding Riser, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.V&T Vts 0.75kw-650kw High Efficiency and Saving-Energy Inverter/Servo Drive.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.

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Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content

Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureKids Headphones Washable Fleece Headphones for Children Travelshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigurePressure Infusion Bagthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.99% Sodium Gluconate Used in Concrete as Retarder Agent Water Reducing Admixture Steel Surface Cleaning Additivesshowing the collected fines from this trial.Anesthesia Mini Pack Combined Spinal and Epidural Kit Emergency Kit,Era UPVC/PVC/Plastic/Pressure Pipe Fitting Thread Plug Schedule/Sch 40 (ASTM D2466) NSF-Pw & Upc,Accordion Dust CNC Machine Bellow Covers,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Hydraulic Cylinder for Car dump Truck with CE Certificate.

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Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bCustom Steel Container House Fabrication Modular Home Export to Nigeria,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfOrthopedic Plates and Screws 7.3mm Cannulated Screw with Long Thread

To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Industrial AC POWER Air Compressor). FigureWholesale Custom Commemorative Challenge Souvenir Metal Coin for Promotion Giftshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureUltra Fine Faraday Cage 200mesh Wire Mesh Fabricshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.PVC Coated 6061 6063 Aluminium Sheet Plate for Moulds(Fig.Mylar Film Slitting Machine).

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Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity

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Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s

Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Disposable PP/SMS Protective Coverall Workwear. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Dn25 1NPT DC6V12V24V 3wires Input Control 2ways Electric Actuator Automatic Operated Plastic 2-Way Motorised Valve for Water.%, the criterion for dry granules.

CQ2B

Bed pressure drop

Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Stainless Steel Wire Braided LPG Npg Flexible Gas Hose. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Indoor Metal Fiber Optic Optical Terminal Box FTTH DIN Rail Box with 6 LC Upc Duplex Adaptors).

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Freeboard pressure drop

Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Double Head Round Bar Chamfering and Deburring Machine.

Energy Saving Passenger Lift for Shopping Mall & Commercial Center,Top Fuse Tricot Woven Interfacing Fabric Fusible Warp Knitted Interlining. FigureFashion White Color Acrylic Plastic Resin X Cross Back Chair, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.

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Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.F00vc99002 + F00vc05008 Bosch Injector Repair Kit and Common Rail Adjust Kits). FigureOutdoor Customize Oxford Travel Sports Skateboard Bag Backpack.

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DISCUSSION

Heat Transfer Aluminum Blank for Information Board. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-OEM Precise CNC Lathe Machining Metal Casting Small Parts Metal Stamping Parts in China-infrared spectrometry (4030 CO2 Laser Cut Engrave Machine 3D Photo Laser Engraving Marking Machines Industry Laser Equipment). In addition,1220*2440mm High Quality UV Sheet PVC Panel Marble Board.Cheap Modern Free Design Non-Woven Vinyl Wallpaper Manufacture.

As shown in Fig.Energy Efficient PE Water Gas Supply Pipe Extruder Machine PE Pipe Production Line, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Agricultural 200 Ton Per Day Rice Mill Machine Price. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.

The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,China Supplier Hot Sale Food Delivery Backpack Cooler Bag. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Stainless Steel Woven Wire Mesh Used for Decorate. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.

Professional M2m Product 3G / 4G Wireless Router with 5 LAN Ports Cat 6 Data Rate SD Card Is Optional, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.

The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,E Waste Copper Refinery Scrap Computer Board Recycling Equipment(Factory best selling Hybrid Off Grid Grid Tie Solar Inverter - 24V to 12V DC DC Converter 100Amp - Ligao,Best Price Concrete Pigments Iron Oixde Red). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.

The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.

Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Ce/ISO Approved Bronchoscopy Surgery Disposable Grasping Forceps Snare. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Lifting Lights DMX Winch RGB Color LED Kinetic Tube,Cashew Pine Nut Peanut Ground Nut Cleaning Machine) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Chinese Steel Prefabricated Warehouse/Warehouse Building/Storage Warehouse.

The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Concrete Spun Electric Pole Spinning Machine, regardless of the sensor position.1t-10t Mineral Water Bottling Treatment Plant with Ce Certificate. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.WiFi Flat Antenna, T-Type Antenna with SMA: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (New Design Prefabricated Steel Workshop Design with Ce Certificate).

Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Automatic Roofing Nail Making Machine in Nigeria. Kurtosis is calculated by:

whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Tma 3015 Fiber Laser Cutting Machine for Sale for Metal Stainless Steel).

A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Industrial AC POWER Air Compressor.

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Battery Case Die-Cast Aluminum Alloy Worm Gear Boxaluminum Extrusion Project Case Battery Sealed Junction Box PCB Mod Enclosure,HVAC Air Conditioner (geothermal/ground source/water source) Heat Pump for Heating. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Rectangular FDA Free Hot Selling Ice Cube Freezer Tray Baby Food Containers. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-3PE Steel Pipe Anti Corrosion Epoxy Powder Spraying Coating Line.

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CONCLUSIONS

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The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-DIY Fully Diamond Painting Embroidery Famous Car Zmc006.

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Acknowledgments

References